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⚖️ Truth in Taxation: What Happens When You File Wrong Information in Your ITR

Income Tax Return (ITR) filing is more than a financial obligation—it’s a civic declaration. But what if the information you submit is wrong? Whether it’s a misreported income, a fake deduction, or an incorrect bank detail, the consequences can be serious.

This post explores the legal, financial, and ethical implications of filing incorrect information in your ITR—and how to correct it before it becomes a liability.

🧾 Common Types of Wrong Information in ITR
❌ Error Type                            ⚠️ Description

Under-reporting Income                Not declaring full salary, rental, or business income

Misreporting Income                    Claiming false deductions, fake expenses, or incorrect capital gains

Incorrect Bank Details                  Leads to refund failure or mismatch

Wrong PAN or Aadhaar                May invalidate the return or trigger scrutiny

Fake Refund Claims                     Filing inflated TDS or deductions to claim refund


📜 Legal Consequences of Wrong Information

1. Penalty for Under-reporting – Section 270A

  • 50% of tax due on under-reported income
  • Applies when income is understated or deductions are inflated

2. Penalty for Misreporting – Section 270A(8)

  • 200% of tax due if misreporting is deliberate
  • Includes fake invoices, false claims, or manipulated figures

3. Prosecution – Sections 276C & 277

  • If fraud is proven, imprisonment from 6 months to 7 years, plus fine
  • Filing false statements or fake documents can trigger criminal charges

4. Notice Under Section 133(6)

  • Income Tax Department may issue a Calling for Information notice
  • You must submit documents, books, and explanations
  • Non-compliance can lead to further investigation or penalties

🔄 How to Correct Wrong Information

✅ File a Revised Return – Section 139(5)

  • Can be filed before the assessment is completed
  • Must be filed using the correct form and accurate data
  • Treated as a fresh return and replaces the original

🧾 Respond to Notices

  • If you receive a defective return notice or scrutiny, respond with:
  • Corrected ITR
  • Supporting documents
  • Explanation of error
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